This method of breeding involves assembling a group or all females in the herd with one or more males in a suitable grazing land. The receptive females choose males and all females are gradually being served.
It has the advantage of not requiring individual management of each male and female for mating. But it is not possible to record the time that each female is mounted, is mounted or how many times unless you're watching the flock all the time.
It is a method commonly used in the breeding of cattle and sheep. However, its application to alpacas and llamas requires modifications to suit the characteristics and reproductive behavior of these camelids.
Behavior
In field conditions mating to males and females have the opportunity to interact more naturally than in the breeding season individually. Males have a chance to explore and choose females in more responsive, with less incidence of submissive females forced to ride but not responsive.
By introducing the males, they should not be excessive. The lack of females to keep them busy induces fights, and can result in serious injury variable. For example, a male mounting is particularly vulnerable to attack by other male.
When males are introduced to a group of non-pregnant females who have been separated from them without having received any stimulus that can cause ovulation, there is immediately an intense sexual activity. This is especially marked during the first week, it is estimated that over 70 percent of females received at least one service. Thereafter, the males show a marked decline in sexual activity, despite the presence of receptive females in the herd. This decrease in sexual interest in females continuously exposed to males has led to the design of management strategies that involve an alternate use of males during mating.
The alternate use of males in the breeding season to field it seeks to combat sexual disinterest occurs continuously exposed to males to females. The temporary separation of the sexes has the effect of reviving sexual interest in males. It also has the effect of interfering with dominance relationships can be established between the males and can result in reduced or absent activity of some of these. The alternate use of males can be implemented in the following ways:
- Weekly rotation males: Let the herd consists of approximately 100 females and are used in all six males. This method first introduced three of the males remain with females for a week. At the end of the week are removed males who were working (go to rest), then add the other three. The operation is repeated at the end of the second week, and so on as long as the mating (about 60 days). It has been observed that with the rotation - weekly males can achieve a higher birth rate of 20 per cent of which would occur if the male female remain with all the time (for example, go from a 60 to 80 percent).
- Successive stages of work and rest three days each: In this case all the males are used for three days, after which they were removed and allowed to rest for three days. Continue in this manner throughout the period of breeding. It has been observed that using about three percent of males this method can give results similar to mating with weekly rotation of males.
- Two periods of 25 days of mating separated by 10 days off: The breeding season begins with a five per cent of males and runs for 25 days. Interrupted for 10 days, during which the males are separated from females and rest. After the break, the mating continues for another 25 days. This method requires less labor than the previous two because the animals are handled less frequently. However, it is more likely to become females without receiving the male attention because these periods of consistent with the females are longer, which increases
given the risks of sexual disinterest development and social problems among
males.
Conclution
The breeding season to field allows synchronization of lambing with considered favorable climatic conditions as well as the cycle pastures. This method is more difficult to maintain individual records assembled and detailed tracking of reproductive behavior each female during mating. The alternate use of the males prevents
problems of sexual disinterest and dominance relationships among males, allowing to obtain good rates of birth.
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